Medium- and Heavy-Duty (MHD) Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandates
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandates, also referred to as the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) regulations, are sales standards aimed at reducing emissions and fuel consumption in heavy-duty vehicles such as trucks, vans, tractors, and vocational vehicles. Similar to light-duty ZEV mandates, California has the unique authority to develop and implement these regulations, and other states may follow suit after California.
The ACT program, initially developed in California in 2021, serves as a cornerstone for other states to potentially adopt similar measures. Under the ACT program, manufacturers producing Class 2b–8 vehicles are mandated to increase the proportion of zero-emission trucks in their sales from 2024 to 2035.
In June 2025, President Trump signed three Congressional Review Act (CRA) resolutions repealing California’s Clean Air Act waivers for Advanced Clean Cars II, Advanced Clean Trucks, and the Low NOx Omnibus Rules. A coalition of states that have adopted the rules filed a lawsuit against the federal government in response.
Key Resources
Clean Vehicle Programs: State Tracker
Electric Vehicle Regulations and Laws: A Primer for Decision Makers
State Adoption of Advanced Clean Trucks
Multi-State Medium- and Heavy-Duty Zero Emission Vehicle Memorandum of Understanding
Model Rules
Advanced Clean Trucks Regulations
Model States
California
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions.
In response to the passage of federal resolutions repealing California’s Clean Air Act waivers for Advanced Clean Cars II (ACC II), Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT), and the Low NOx Omnibus Rules, Governor Newsom directed CARB to propose "Advanced Clean Cars III" regulations as an alternative for ACC II, ACT, and Low NOx rules.
Maryland
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions.
The state will delay penalty enforcement against manufacturers that fail to meet ZEV sale requirements for model years 2027 and 2028, unless certain conditions are met.
A "Maryland ACC II and ACT Working Group" must offer recommendations for how the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) program can be implemented in Maryland.
Rhode Island
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions.
Vermont
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions.
The state has delayed enforcement of electric truck sales requirements until Model Year 2027.
Medium- and Heavy-Duty (MHD) Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandates By State
Status | State Sort descending | Region | Components | Year Enacted | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
West | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
State, county, and municipal governments are not allowed to restrict the use or sale of vehicles based on the vehicle's energy source. Therefore, the state is prohibited from adopting a ZEV mandate. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
Southwest | 2023 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. In response to the passage of federal resolutions repealing California’s Clean Air Act waivers for Advanced Clean Cars II (ACC II), Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT), and the Low NOx Omnibus Rules, Governor Newsom directed CARB to propose "Advanced Clean Cars III" regulations as an alternative for ACC II, ACT, and Low NOx rules. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
West | 2021 | ||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
West | 2023 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
DEEP is authorized to adopt California's medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicle standards Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
Northeast | 2022 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
West | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
West | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Northeast | |||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. The state will delay penalty enforcement against manufacturers that fail to meet ZEV sale requirements for model years 2027 and 2028, unless certain conditions are met. A "Maryland ACC II and ACT Working Group" must offer recommendations for how the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) program can be implemented in Maryland. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
Southeast | 2023 | ||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. The Department of Environmental Protection delayed enforcement of electric truck sales requirements under ACT for Model Years 2025 and 2026. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
Northeast | 2022 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
West | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
West | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Northeast | |||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
Northeast | 2021 | ||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
Southwest | 2023 | ||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
Northeast | 2021 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
In 2022, Governor Cooper signed EO 271 directing the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality to propose that the Environmental Management Commission adopt an Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) program by May 15, 2023. However, the 2023 budget included language that prohibits ACT's regulatory process from proceeding further. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southwest | |||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality delayed enforcement of electric truck sales requirements under ACT by two years, until Model Year 2027. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
West | 2021 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Northeast | |||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
Northeast | 2023 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
West | |||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. The state has delayed enforcement of electric truck sales requirements until Model Year 2027. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
Northeast | 2022 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Enacted |
Empty column
By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies
Empty column
|
West | 2022 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column
|
West |